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→Ana Kai Tangata - Orongo (cumbre Rano Kao)
===Ana Kai Tangata - Orongo (cumbre Rano Kao) ===
The section begins in Mataveri'ssector, where Ana Kai Tangata islocated, narrowly related to Orongo'sCeremonial Village. By July, thegroups that were taking part in thecompetition of the Tangata-Manu(Man-bird), kept together in a harevaka of large dimensions until theymoved in procession, from thevolcano up to Orongo's ceremonialvillage, where the competition tookplace.This section was called "Te Ara o TeAo” or "The Way of the Control ", inallusion to the ritual object that wassymbol of power or authority of thechiefs. The winner of the competitionof the Tangata-Manu came downwith the Ao (command baton) in hishand denoting his new status.Nearby of the volcano Rano Kau alsothere was a great quantity of umupae (traditional kitchen), liked withthe rites of the Man-bird. In this trackit is possible to have the experienceof evoking the ritual, to take the timeto check the details, and to prepareyourself to assimilate what is goingto find in Orongo's CeremonialVillage.The stations of the route give youdosed information on ceremonial,and in section in general offersspectacular panoramic of the islandand Hanga Roa.The section begins in the Ana KaiTangata´s cavern, TUKI 14. Thisimpressive tunnel of volcanic stone,formed over one million years ago,was used to receive the competitorwho had managed to touch and takethe first egg of the Manutara, bywhich his body was transformed insomething sacred. The rite prepareshim to be taken then to Hare KoroRupa (site of ceremonial preparation)in Mataveri's surrounding areas,where was raised on arms and takenin a procession to the summit of theRano Kau. From his hand, the egg wasgiven to the leader of his clan, by thisway he became in leader of all RapaNui for one year.From here, the path drives up to theAhu Rei Inga Peta, TUKI 15, locatedin Mataveri Otai, on a promontoryopposite to the sea. This one is theonly ceremonial visible platform fromthis sector of the island coast.Not all the ahu present somonumental characteristics and thevariations, both of size and of form,represent the manager vision of hisproduction. The resources of the ahus,offers to the archeologists valuableinformation about the stages of thelong history of the Island.The path continues penetrating in thedependencies of the Administrationof the Rapa Nui National Park, up tothe Manavai or TUKI 16. There youwill find former agricultural structuresmade of stone with a circular floor,with a diameter between 3 and 10 m,which were used for protecting theagriculture from the climateinclemency and to support thedampness (manavai).CONAF's native plants exhibitsa sample of a series of vegetablespecies of traditional use: mako’i,hau hau, ngaoho, toa, marikuru,mahute, ti, pua, kumara, andtoromillo, among others. In the past,these plants were used for diversepurposes: food, raw material forcarving figures, treatment of diseasesand personal ornamentation. Thesample consists of 25 manavai, eachone with different species, the propermajority of the polinesia.Going towards the Foot of the RanoKau or TUKI 17, there is a place whereit is possible to see the north hillsideof the volcano. The arboreal speciesobserved here have been introducedto control the erosion. FindingEucalyptus, Miro Tahiti and Cypresses.Through the footpath you probablywill be able to see diverse species ofterrestrial birds, like sparrows, diucas,tiuques and perdices, those wereintroduced at the beginning of XXcentury and have well adapted to thelocal conditions.The environment presents animportant stone richness. Here it ispossible to find white stone, rawmaterial of the statues remaining atthe local museum.The TUKI 18 corresponds to theStation of Geological Observation,it offers a panoramic view of HangaRoa, that includes the way crossedfrom Ana Kai Tangata to this point.Up to 324 msnm rises the Rano Kauvolcano, only his north hillsidesremain, while his south side hascollapsed for the strong erosionproduced by the sea. On the otherhand, thanks to it, there have beenformed cliffs who give an uniqueaspect to the landscape. Its age iscalculated in 2,5 million years. Themore recent activity of the volcanowas 180 thousand years ago.Rano Kau is one of three volcaniccenters that gave origin to the island,together with Maunga Terevaka, inthe extreme northwest, and Poike, inthe east end. Though these volcanoesrise some few hundred meters up thelevel of the sea, the island gets up near3 thousand meters from the oceanicbottom.This is the half of the distance of "TeAra o Te Ao” or The Way of theControl, correspondent to the TUKI19. From here it is easy to imagine theritual of climbing to the top hillsideof the crater up to the final mission.The worship to the built-up ancestorswas one of the most excellent featuresof the prehistoric culture of Rapa Nui.The impressive expressions of thisreligious manifestation; templesoutdoors or ahu, megalithic statuesor moai, some how dominate theimage and the history of EasterIsland.Nevertheless, in XVI century, theprehistoric society was graduallyleaving the cult to the deifiedancestors, simultaneously theceremonial’s cult focused in the godMake-Make, tie to rites of the fertility,the spring and the arrival ofmigratory marine birds. Orongobecame the visible center of this neworder that lasted until second half ofXIX century.Following by the footpath, it willfind the Station of Rest or TUKI 20.From here you will have anothersplendid panoramic view of HangaRoa. The location of Orongo, in thesouthwestern end of the volcano,co u l d b e s t ra t e g i c f o r t h edevelopment of the cult of theTangata-Manu. The location of thevillage, their height, and their view ofthe small islands, give to the sector apar ticular atmosphere thatdominates the surroundings.Meantime you walk towards thevillage, you may have an idea of howthe atmosphere of the ceremony wasdeveloped, when the groupsascended from diverse sectors andarrived at the crater of the volcano.After a deserved rest, you will be ableto reach the Crater of Volcano RanoKau, corresponding to the TUKI 21and the biggest of Rapa Nui. Thispanoramic one is without a doubt thevisitors more appraised picture. Thisit is the scene of the more violentvolcanic activity of the island;explosions of great magnitude madecollapse the crater and left a greatboiler exposed.A magnify surroundings of volcanoRano Kau, was chosen for the rites ofthe Tangata-Manu. As much in theinterior as outer of the crater, havebeen found at least five hundredhouses that bear relation to theagricultural activity, developed in thesame crater.Following the route, it arrives at theStation of Rest II or TUKI 22, whereyou will be able to enjoy a differentpanoramic of the crater. In the interiorof the volcano area developed amicro climatic condition (radiation,winds, humidity, temperature, etc.),especially for the growth of arbustivasand arboreal species. Reason why thissituation recreated in traditionalagriculture, constructing the circularstone structures previouslymentioned (Manavai). Volcano RanoKau corresponds to one of the mainwater reserves of the Island. Thewaters rains are accumulated in thecrater and are lead to pools (visiblein the route to the volcano), where itis made drinkable and distributed tothe urban zone of Hanga Roa. Inprevious times people had to comehere to obtain water.At the end of this section is theentrance to the Ceremonial Villageof Orongo, TUKI 23, a place that dueto its archaeological wealth is underthe permanent protection of CONAF.If you wish to enter you will have topay an entrance, this way you will beable to visit the established footpaths,i n t e r p r e t a t i ve s t a t i o n s a n dinformative signals. The entrancemarks the end of this Route,nevertheless, Orongo is an importantsite that you must visit and enjoy.Welcome to Orongo! *'''Distance and expexted time''':3,65 kms, 2h 25m.
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