La vegetación que podemos observar en este hito es el típico Bosque ValdivianoTypes of wood we find in Llancahue correspond mainly to Valdivian Forest, compuesto por ricas comunidades vegetales que se distribuyen en distintas capas o estratos bajo las copas de los árboles mayoresa real water saturated jungle during winter and slightly humid during summer months,forming an intricate vegetal world where big trees are next to countless species of bushes, climbing plants, epiphyte, herbs, moss, lichen, mushrooms and rich fauna comprised by vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. As a consequence of the different intensity with which the human being and action of nature have intervene their surface on time,they can domain new shoots or secondary forests mostly comprised by Coihues of the same age (coetaneous),mainly originated byfires and large sliding of earth,and adult forest with different alteration level, showing diverse structures based on fairly excessive interventions, caused by human beings for the obtention of timber- yielding goods. Nevertheless, in Llancahue there are also some sectors subsisting with practically unaltered forests which show us the beauty and magnificence of woods from ancient times.<br>Desde este puntoThe vegetation we can observein this guidepost is the typical Valdivian Forest,caminando unos comprised by rich vegetable communities distributed in different layers or strata under the tree-tops of older trees. Throughout the grove dominant species (trees of higher height and magnitude) are varying from one situation to another where big evergreen trees prevail with wide leafs, such as the Ulmo (Eucriphya cordifolia), Olivillo (Aextoxicon punctatum), Tepa and Laurel (Laureliopsis philippiana and Laurelia sempervirens).These can be differentiated for the hairy appearance of the Ulmo in new branches and leafs,for the shiny green leaf with the back full of small brown dots giving the Olivillo a rough texture and for the pleasant fragrance expelled by leafs with serrated edge of Laurel and Tepa trees.<br> Ferns,moss and lichens are also very important components of the wood, growing on the soil, over trunks of old trees and trees fallen. It is interesting to note the presence of moss Dendroligotrichum dendroides with the appearance of miniature tree, which is the biggest moss of South America reaching up to 40 centimeters of height.In more humid habitats,abundant epiphytes grow on tree trunks and branches, being the most common the Chupalla and ferns “Película [film]” of Hymenophyllum gender.<br> From this point, walking about 20 metros encontrará una bifurcación donde debe tomar el camino de la izquierdameters you will find a branching where you should take the road to the left, que sube por la pendientewhich climbs through the slope, pero no se preocupe porque después de avanzar but do not worry,because after moving forward 150 metros está contemplado un descansometers you will be contemplating a resting place, por lo que podemos tomar un tiempo para relajarse y observar el bosque en todas sus dimensionesreason why we could spend some time to relax and observe the forest in all its dimensions. <br> Bajando nuestra mirada y prestando atención a los helechosIf we focus our look downwards and paying attention to ferns, podemos ver al we can see Ampe o or Palmilla (Lophosoria quadripinnata), el helecho más grande que se puede observar en esta rutathe biggest fern you can watch in this route. Es fácil de reconocer en terreno por su gran fronda It is easy to recognize it on site due to its large frond 4 veces pinadatimes pinnate, verde claro en la cara superior y blanco azulosa por el envéslight green of the front face and blueish white on the back.Es muy característico su gran gancho, fácil de observar en el bosqueIts large branch is very typical, con frondas que pueden alcanzar los easy to observe in the wood with fronds that could reach 5 metros de largometers long.The Ampe is a fern with medicinal properties.Its rhizomes are used in infusions to cure wounds. Hairs covering young branches are used to stop hemorrhages.<br> Desde el lugar del descanso camine tomando siempre el sendero The fern Costilla de la derechaVaca [cow’s rib] or Quilquil, recorriendo another outstanding fern in this route,looks like a small shrub. Leafs of ferns are called fronds and are comprised byarachis that would be the stem, to which thorns join, which are like little leafs.It must be noticed that in popular medicine the fern Costilla de Vaca is used to cure sight diseases.<br> From resting location walk always taking the path at the right side and run 250 metros hasta llegar meters until arriving to a un gran árbol a la derecha del caminolarge tree at the right side of the road, se trata del it is the Tineo (Weinmannia trichosperma), árbol endémico de los Bosques Templados de Sudaméricaan endemic tree of Temperate Forests of South America. Su tronco es recto y cilíndrico de corteza gris claraIts trunk is straight and cylindrical of light gray bark,llegando a medir más de reaching height of more than 30 metros de altura y presentar troncos de más de meters and with trunks of more than 1 metro de diámetrometer diameter,que se caracteriza por sus singulares hojascharacterized bythe peculiar leafs of rhomboidal aspect.Timber of Tineo is hard and has a beautiful dark vein, de aspecto romboidalvery resistant to humidity for which it is used for construction of crossbars, fences, cart wheels and sleepers.<br> Avance Move forward 190 metros tomando siempre el camino de la izquierdameters always taking the road to the left, atravesando un hermoso bosque de crossing a beautiful wood of Olivillo, Ulmo y mirtáceas, acompañados por enormes and myrtaceous next to huge canelosoffering their huge branches for bird shelter and purple fruits as food.Continúe por Continue for another 160 metros más hasta llegar meters until arriving to a una nueva bifurcaciónnew branching,donde debe tomar el camino de la derecha para llegar al Hito where you should take the road of the right to arrive to Guidepost Nº 15 después de caminar after walking 50 metrosmeters. Entre los hitos Between guideposts 14 y and 15 caminaremos justo entre el límite de dos microcuencas, que descargan sus pequeños cursos de agua en el estero we will walk just between the limit of two micro basins that discharge their small water courses in Llancahuestream. Debido For this reason it is possible to hear the noise of water flowing at both sides of the path.<br> Woody formation observed in this guidepost corresponds to a esto es posible escuchar el sonido del agua fluyendo por ambos lados del senderonew shoot of Canelo, which can be recognized for its shiny green leafs on its front side and grayish white on the back. It is a tree of straight and cylindrical trunk that could reach up to 30 meters high and 1 meters of diameter.It has a thick,smooth and soft bark, of gray color being an endemic variety of Sub Antarctic Woods of Chile and Argentina.<br> En este hermoso renoval podemos observar enormes árboles de This tree is sacred for the Mapuche people for its magic and curative properties. It was used to treat tumors, swellings and eruptions on skin, to lower a fever, stimulant, diuretic, antiscorbutic, etc. Infusion of leafs was used as intoxicant narcotic to alleviate delivery pains, teeth and stomach aches. Sailors from the XVI century used bark of this plant for treating scurby.<br> In this beautiful new shoot we can observe huge trees of Ulmo,Olivillo y and Tepa cuyas copas sobrepasan la de los which tree-tops exceed those of canelos, dándoles protección y abrigo de los fuertes vientos del inviernogiving protection and shelter from strong winds in winter. <br> Continuando el recorrido desde el Hito Nº 15Continuing the tour from Guidepost Nº15, siempre por el bosque con sotobosque de always through the forest with underwood of quilas,avanzar move forward 50 metros hasta llegar al Hito Nº 16meters to arrive to Guidepost Nº16, ubicado junto a dos grandes tineoslocated next to two large Tineos.<br> Es un lugar representativo de la diversidad de especies del Bosque ValdivianoIt is a location representing the diversity of Valdivian Forest species. A la derecha del camino se pueden observar dos ejemplares adultos de At the right of the road you can see two adult trees of Tineo y a la izquierda and at the left large canelos de gran tamaño.Destacan además árboles de menor dimensión como el In addition,you can notice smaller trees such as the Arrayán y and Chaumán, el helecho the fern Pallante (Hymenophyllum caudiculatum) y el and Poe. Likewise, you should note the existence of the medicinal climbing plant Quilmay and Medallita in this site.<br> Desde este hito avanzar siempre eligiendo la huella de la izquierdaTepa and some myrtaceous form a second stratum or soil in the wood, making evident the path of time and interaction between all components of the ecosystem, where Tineo and Canelo,probably the first species that arrived by winds or birds carrying their seeds, prepare the soil, offer shadow and protection so that new species populate the forest.<br> From this guidepost move forward always preferring the track at the left. Al avanzar By moving forward 300 metros se encontrará con un camino que desciende por la pendientemeters you will find a road going downwards through the slope,el cual no debe tomaryou should not take it. Sólo debe seguir derecho por unos Follow straight for about 30 metros donde encontrará el Hito meters where you will find Guidepost Nº 17. <br> El tipo de vegetación que observamos en este hito es muy particular, ya que está dominado por el Roble The type of vegetation we observein this guidepost is very peculiar as it is dominated by Oak (Nothofagus obliqua) gran árbol de hoja caduca, es decir que se desprende de las ramas durante el otoño e invierno para volver a aparecer en la época de primaverabig tree of caduceous leafs, namely, they loose from branches during fall and winter and appear again in spring season.These oaks probably correspond to one of the last existing thickets in Llancahue,as timber of great value and excellent quality, long-lasting and unputrescible, was commonly used in construction during the last century, mainly to fabricate posts, railway sleeperies,beams and pillars of housing and also furniture,doors and windows.<br> Continúe por el camino unos The great diversity observed again must be noticed, as Oak is next to Ulmos and myrtaceous.Underwood with Hazel Tree, Fuinque and the beautiful Tupa shrub which leafs are ashy green for being densely covered with hair and contain bitter and poisonous latex.Its big purplish red flowers appear at the end of spring and summer decorating the floor of the wood.<br> Continue through the road for about 30 metros y doble a la derechameters and turn to the right.Avance unos Move forward about 40 metros hasta llegar al camino público a meters until you reach the public road to Lomas del Sol. <br> Al abandonar por unos momentos los diversos bosques de When you leave for a moment the diverse woods of Llancahue, saliendo al camino público a exiting to the public road to Lomas del Sol,podemos observar cómo ha variado el paisaje producto de las radicales intervenciones del ser humano sobre los bosques nativoswe can see how landscape varies as a consequence of radical interventions of the human being on native forests. Tome el camino público hacia la derecha Take the public road to the right (bajando por el caminogoing downwards bythe road). <br> Avance 260 metros por el camino público hasta llegar a una plantación adulta de pinos If we do a su izquierdalittle effort and try to imagine this same landscape 100 years ago, we could observe this or more beautiful woods as those we have just visited,where today there are only large extensions with Pine or Eucalyptus plantations. Desde ahí camine unos Where in the past pumas,foxes,pudús [Chilean mountain goat], many species of birds and other smaller organisms inhabited this place, today you can only observe an unpaved road with exotic vegetation on the edges (Ulex, Brambleberry,Broom),which is very aggressive and flood any place with no vegetation,replacing little bylittle native vegetation that fights for its space.We can observe some native species such as Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis),Radal (Lomatia hirsuta), Tupa and some Coihues which in friendly attitude extend their branches to the red road to shelter us from sunlight.<br> Move forward 260 meters by the public road until arriving to an adult plantation of pines at your left.From here, walk about 170 metros e ingrese nuevamenteal bosque por una entrada a la derecha del caminometers and enter again to the wood through an access at the right of the road. <br> Al ingresar desde el camino público nuevamente al renoval de inmediato se puede sentir la humedad y frescura en su When entering again from the public road to the new shoot you can immediately feel humidity and freshness at the interior. En estos renovales nos encontraremos con dos praderasIn these new shoots, we will find two meadowlands indicating that antropic pressure does not end in sectors of better access and shorter distance to some road as we will observebovine cattle tracks,they use these meadowlands in the middle of the forest to shelter from the cold and rainy winter in the south of Chile.This situation is a great trouble for the settle of new native plants (natural regeneration of the wood),because animals trample over and trim twigs (eat) small plants trying to settle in lands cleared by man.<br> Desde el Hito From Guidepost Nº 19,tome el camino principal hacia la izquierda y avance take the main road to the left and move forward 270 metros para llegar meters to arrive to a una pequeña pradera en el medio del bosquesmall meadowland in the middle of the forest.Desde ahí tome el camino de la derecha y avance 180 metros hasta llegar a la segunda praderaFrom there, rodeada por un renoval siempreverde compuesto por take the road to the right and move forward 180 meters until you reach the second meadowland surrounded by an evergreen new shoot comprised by Tepa, AvellanoHazel Tree,Olivillo y algunas especies de la familia Mirtáceaand some species of the myrtaceous family.<br>Avanzando por el camino de la derecha Moving forward to the road of the right (interior del bosqueof the wood), 50 metros desde la praderameters from the meadowland,debe tomar el camino de la izquierda y caminar you should take the road of the left and walk 100 metros hasta encontrarse nuevamente con el borde entre el camino público y meters until you find the edge again between the public road and Llancahue,lo que le indicará que ha llegado al último hito de esta rutawhich will indicate that you arrived to the last guidepost of this route,el Nº20the Nº 20. <br> Desde este hito avanzar From this guidepost move forward 50 metros en dirección al bosque y caminar meters in direction to the wood and walk 400 metros internándose por el camino que tiene varias huellasmeters moving inland through the road that has various tracks; prefiera siempre la de la izquierdaprefer always the one of the left. Probablemente encontrará parecido el tipo de bosque que los rodeaProbably, y es que se trata del mismo que observamos al comienzo de la rutayou will find familiar the kind of wood that surrounds you, and it is because it is the one we observed at the beginning of the route. Estonos da la posibilidad de meditar un poco acerca de lo que hemos visto y cómoThis gives us the possibility to meditate a little about we have seen and how in few years we can destroy it if we do not appreciate it.<br> We must always remember that we, en pocos añoshuman beings, podemos destruirlo si no lo sabemos valoraras well as plants and birds,are part of this ecosystem and need it to live.The wood is generator of important functions,such as water production, which in the case of Llancahue supplies the whole city of Valdivia,oxygen liberation of plants, vital to all living creatures,which also absorb gases that affect us negatively and,certainly,a source of recreation and contemplation allowing us to learn and understand a little the nature of which we are part.<br> On the other hand, we also obtain goods from forests,such as timber to manufacture our furniture and homes, firewood for cooking and heating, food, such as fruits and mushrooms, among many others. Conservation of forests is possible if we make a reasonable use of them and, for doing it, we need to know where it originates,how it behaves, who live therein and treat them with respect and love.<br>
