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{{Draft}}[[ES:Hanga Roa - Rano Kao]]{{Trekking Chileindexed}}

[[File:climograma isla de pascua.png|thumb|Climogram easter island]]Year round.

===Museo Arqueológico Padre Archaeological Museum Father Sebastián Englert - Ana Kai Tangata===[[File:Ana kai Tangata.JPG|thumb|Cave Ana kai Tangata. Image: M. Bienes Nacionales]][[image:Hanga_Roa_-_Rano_Kao.png|thumb|750px|center|Profile route Hanga Roa - Rano Kao]]The section begins in TUKI 1 locatedin the Archaeological MuseumFather Sebastián Englert, called thatway in honor to the priest Capuchinwho dedicated his life to theinvestigation, rescue and diffusion ofthe Rapa Nui culture. The museum,inaugurated on October 10, 1973,exhibits the most representativeobjects of the culture, as well aspanels with the history before thearrival of the European explorers. Themuseum possesses a specialisedlibrary, not only on Rapa Nui culture,but also on the Polynesian culture.After this visit, you will be in idealconditions to go across the rest of theroute, with a better understanding ofthe local customs and traditions. Leaving behind the museum, walkdown trough Atamu Tekena street upto the coastal sector, where there thearchaeological set of Tahai[[File:cementerio tahai.JPG|thumb|Graveyard Tahai. Image: M.Bienes Nacionales]], TUKI 2is located. This complex ceremonialplace has three ahu or ceremonialplatforms, besides rooms anddomestic structures towards theinterior. Facing the platforms, fromleft side to right, the ahu of five Moai(monolithic statues) receives thename of Vai Uri, the next one AhuTahai, and the third one, with eyesand hat, Ahu Ko te Riku. Because ofhis size, probably it was the mostimportant ceremonial complex of thisside of the Island.Between 1968 and 1970 it wasrestored under the direction of thearchaeologists William Mulloy andGonzalo Figueroa. In that opportunitythere were find the basements of atleast 17 Hare Paenga (boat housestypical constructions). The threerestored platforms correspond to thesame period and they would havebeen in activity between the year1.000 and 1.600 A.C. Ahu Tahai,nevertheless, is the most ancient ofthe three and it was constructedabout 700 A.C. After 300 years, therewas constructed the platform that weobserve today. The hat (pukao) of themoai Ahu Ko Te Riku, was carved forthe restoration for illustrativepurposes, there is not certainty thatthis hat existed in the old days. Also,the eyes were put by tourist purposesat the beginning of the decade of1990. Passing this sector and following thepath you will get to the CemeteryTahai, TUKI 3. Inaugurated in 1951.Due to natural events that affectedthe previous holy field, it is possibleto find graves of the beginning of theXXth century. The first one buried inthis place was a Chilean sailor. Alsoprominent figures of Rapa Nui historyrest here, as Uka A'Hey A'Rero (KingAtamu Tekera´s wife), deceased in1946. The cross placed in the center,was carved on the original pukao(hat) of the Moai of Ahu Ko Te Rikulocated in Tahai's Ceremonial Center.This is the fourth funereal catholicplace of Easter Island. The first onewas placed in front of the Vaihú´smission, the second one to the side ofthe current Gymnasium Koro PainaKori and the third one, in the sectorof the agricultural colony, used as arest place for the patients of leprosy. Between he cemetery and the sea,you must continue towards HangaVare Vare's sector, where there is theAhu O'rongo or TUKI 4. Accordingto the descriptions of navigators andtravellers, this ahu was constructedby stones of big dimensions and wellworked. It managed to have fourMoai of toba and a fifth moai madein very hard stone, so calledbenmolita. It was located in asecondary structure, in the south endof the ahu (left side looked abreast).Along his history, this ahu wasdismantled to use the rocks in theconstruction of houses and even, theformer wharf of Hanga Roa's cove.In 1872 the French ship The Floreended up at Easter Island, and thecrew facing its inability to take acomplete moai with them, the sawedone to move only the head. Today thatmoai’s head is in exhibition at themuseum of Trocadero in Paris. In thatoccasion, Juliane Viaud, better knownas Pierre Loti, was part of the crew,who besides a poet, was a greatdraftsman. His drawings and storiesare a source of information about thelife in the Island at the end of the XIXthcentury.The Belgian Franc´s expedition (1934-1935), at the expense of theanthropologist Alfred Métraux andthe archaeologist Henri Lavachery,took away from the same ahu themoai Pou Hakanononga, whichaccording to the tradition, was notrelated to other Moai of the ahu. Itwas placed there for some king toindicate the best site for the tunafishing. The Pou Hakanononga isexhibite in the Royal Museum of Artand History of Brussels. Walking ahead through PolicarpoToro street up to Cove Hanga Roa OThai, corresponding to the TUKI 5,one of five principal coves of RapaNui. Here you will find manyfishermen’s boats. Also, this is a placefor unloading transatlantic ships. It isthe only places of services ofautonomous skin-diving.This place is also known as HotuMatu´a Square, named this way bydoctor Álvaro Tejeda in November,1938, as part of the actions done byhim as a proclamation as HotuMatua´s King. Tejeda tried to re-livein his honor the culture, the folklore,the history and the ceremonialknown as the disembarkation of theking in the bay. Tejeda, in order torebuild and implement an ahu in hishonor brought the moai located inthis platform, from the Ahu Atiu. Continuing by Policarpo Toro streetyou will get the Ahu Tautira, TUKI 6,better known as Ahu Kopeka Tae Ati.Its first descriptions appear in thediary of the captain James Cook. In1774, moai of the entire Hanga Roa’scoast were on foot. The last newsabout these Moai standing up iscoming from the Russian expeditionat the expense of the commanderLisjansky in 1806. However, in 1815,when another Russian expeditionvisits the island, supervised by thecommander Kotzebue, these Moaiwere down.With the arrival of the missionaries in1864 and the installation of the firstcatholic mission in Rapa Nui, begunto dismantlement the ahu to use thestone in the construction of thechurch and missionaries' houses andall of those that were converted tothe Catholicism. Together with theahu, the Hare Paenga (boat’shouses) locating opposite to theplatform were disarmed. Today, allthis place is a field of football.During the First World War, theGerman fleet supervised by thecaptain Von Spee, encamped on whatwas staying of the ahu and used themoai that today is in the principalplatform, as oven. For doing so, theyperforated the moai in the stomach.Some years later it was restored usingby cement. After leaving the Island,the principal ship of the German fleet,the Dresden, was destroyed by theBritish forces nearby the island SantaCecilia, today know as RobinsonCrusoe of the Archipelago JuanFernandez.The ahu almost disappearscompletely in 1932, when HangaRoa's wharf was constructed. Finally,between 1979 and 1980 the ahu wasrestored under the direction of SergioRapu and Andrea Seleenfreund,avoiding his total destruction. From the TUKI 6 we go thoughPolicarpo Toro Street up to the AhuApina, which corresponds to theTUKI 7, known as Ahu Mamara Nuia Ure a Oho Vehi. It is placed by thebeach, in the same site where in 1774landed Captain Cook. One of themembers of his expedition, thenaturalist George Forster, indicatesthat the moai of the ahu measured20 feet high (5,6 m) by 5 feet width(1,4 m). According to this description,the face was eroded, and the eyes, thenose and the mouth scarcely weredistinguished. Also he mentions thatthe moai had a hat (pukao), of onemeter and a half of high and ofsimilar diameter. Continuing along the coast, you getto Oho Vehi's sector, where theCollapse of the Italian Ship, TUKI8, is remembered. The accident tookplace because of a strong breakingweaves at the moment of set sail thatit made it run aground in a reefopposite to Papa Haoa. In the samepoint were found stones named poreor kikiris (round rocks), belonging tothe ship and that were taken for therestoration of the Ahu Akivi (sevenMoai), where nowadays they are.The only crew member of the shipwho had Italian nationality was thecook, Nicolás Cardinali, from whomdescend the current Cardinali wholive in the island. For the coastal edge take ApinaAvenue, pass the Building of theMaritime Government, up to the westside where the Rose of the Winds islocated, corresponding to the TUKI 9.This rose indicates the distancesbetween the Easter Island and theprincipal cities of the world. You mayappreciate the genuine isolation ofRapa Nui, the insular inhabited landsmost far away from the world’scommunities. The island is alsoknown as “Tepito o te Henua” or thenavel of the world. [[File:rocas.JPG|thumb|Motu Taka Rua. Image: M.Bienes Nacionales]]Continuing for this avenue, you’ll getMotu Taka Rua, TUKI 10, in PuntaRoa, on the corner of Apina and PontAvenue. The breach of the wavesbetween the small motus (islands)and rocks of the sector turns out tobe a spectacle of notable beauty. Thetransparency of the waters,luminosity, the purity of theatmosphere and the substratum ofthe sea bed, they allow a greatdiversity of colors that go from thepure target to the deep blue, spendingfor the habitual green emerald. Itturns out very common to be able toestimate the practices of handcraftedfishing from rocks, which the localpeople develop in the zone. From hereenjoy the spectacular beauty on theseashore of the Island. From here we can appreciate HangaPiko's panoramic sight TUKI 11,where you will meet the bay and thewharf of the same name. From twohundred meters of the shore, the caveAna O’nono is located. This place wasinhabited in the past. Then appearsHanga Viti Viti, a place where theyachts are protect and where thecurrent wharf of Hanga Piko islocated. The company WilliamsonBalfour constructed the wharf. Later,under the administration of the Navy,works of improvements were done.From 1988 to 1991, were done theworks of conditioning that last up totoday. In Hanga Piko's center there is theAhu Riata, TUKI 12. The siteassociated with a ceremonialcomplex constituted by the platformsAhu Ataranga, to the north, and theAhu Ana Hoto Huero, northwest fromAhu Riata. In the south end is placedthe Ana Kororupa´s cave, were it ispossible to appreciate different typesof occupation. The stones of thecavern have been used as rawmaterial for the elaboration ofappliances and used in the height ofsculptures. From 1995 investigationsdeveloped, recovering great part ofthe human osseous material beingarranged in different funeralchambers, called avanga by the RapaNui community. In 1998 the onlystand up statue is installed in the lastplatform. After enjoy Hanga Pico’s bay and AhuRiata, continues though the path upto Atamu Tekena Avenue, where youwill see the guides towers of theairport, in Mataveri's sector, TUKI 13.In spite of its surface, Easter Islandpossesses one of three longestrunways of Chile with an extension is3.350 m. Often it has been repairedthroughout the time, but in thedecade of the eighties, the NASAturned into an emergency runway forspace ship. For Atamu Tekena Avenue, thissection finishes in Ana Kai Tangataor TUKI 14. This cave constitutes afundamental milestone in the historyand island art tied to the ritual of theTangata-Manu or Man-bird ofOrongo. The sky of the Ana KaiTangata´s cave is adorned bysurprising paintings, in beautiful redand whittles colours. The figuresrepresent marine birds as theGaviotín Apizarrado (a type of gull)migratory species that come to makeits nest every spring by the motus(small islands) in front of Orongo. Thisone also was the place where thesurprising Vaka ama (boats of sewedtables) where made.  *'''Distance and expexted expected time''':4,4 kms, 2h 30m. 

[[File:estacion de descanso.JPG|thumb|Rest station. image : M. bienes nacionales]][[File:aldea ceremonial.JPG|thumb|Ceremonial village. image: M. bienes nacionales]]The section begins in Mataveri'ssector, where Ana Kai Tangata islocated, narrowly related to Orongo'sCeremonial Village. By July, thegroups that were taking part in thecompetition of the Tangata-Manu(Man-bird), kept together in a harevaka of large dimensions until theymoved in procession, from thevolcano up to Orongo's ceremonialvillage, where the competition tookplace.This section was called "Te Ara o TeAo” or "The Way of the Control ", inallusion to the ritual object that wassymbol of power or authority of thechiefs. The winner of the competitionof the Tangata-Manu came downwith the Ao (command baton) in hishand denoting his new status.Nearby of the volcano Rano Kau alsothere was a great quantity of umupae (traditional kitchen), liked withthe rites of the Man-bird. In this trackit is possible to have the experienceof evoking the ritual, to take the timeto check the details, and to prepareyourself to assimilate what is goingto find in Orongo's CeremonialVillage.The stations of the route give youdosed information on ceremonial,and in section in general offersspectacular panoramic of the islandand Hanga Roa.The section begins in the Ana KaiTangata´s cavern, TUKI 14. Thisimpressive tunnel of volcanic stone,formed over one million years ago,was used to receive the competitorwho had managed to touch and takethe first egg of the Manutara, bywhich his body was transformed insomething sacred. The rite prepareshim to be taken then to Hare KoroRupa (site of ceremonial preparation)in Mataveri's surrounding areas,where was raised on arms and takenin a procession to the summit of theRano Kau. From his hand, the egg wasgiven to the leader of his clan, by thisway he became in leader of all RapaNui for one year. [[File:ahu rei inga peta.JPG|thumb|Ahu Rei Inga Peta. Image: M.bienes nacionales]]From here, the path drives up to theAhu Rei Inga Peta, TUKI 15, locatedin Mataveri Otai, on a promontoryopposite to the sea. This one is theonly ceremonial visible platform fromthis sector of the island coast.Not all the ahu present somonumental characteristics and thevariations, both of size and of form,represent the manager vision of hisproduction. The resources of the ahus,offers to the archeologists valuableinformation about the stages of thelong history of the Island. The path continues penetrating in thedependencies of the Administrationof the Rapa Nui National Park, up tothe Manavai or TUKI 16. There youwill find former agricultural structuresmade of stone with a circular floor,with a diameter between 3 and 10 m,which were used for protecting theagriculture from the climateinclemency and to support thedampness (manavai).CONAF's native plants exhibitsa sample of a series of vegetablespecies of traditional use: mako’i,hau hau, ngaoho, toa, marikuru,mahute, ti, pua, kumara, andtoromillo, among others. In the past,these plants were used for diversepurposes: food, raw material forcarving figures, treatment of diseasesand personal ornamentation. Thesample consists of 25 manavai, eachone with different species, the propermajority of the polinesia. Going towards the Foot of the RanoKau or TUKI 17, there is a place whereit is possible to see the north hillsideof the volcano. The arboreal speciesobserved here have been introducedto control the erosion. FindingEucalyptus, Miro Tahiti and Cypresses.Through the footpath you probablywill be able to see diverse species ofterrestrial birds, like sparrows, diucas,tiuques and perdices, those wereintroduced at the beginning of XXcentury and have well adapted to thelocal conditions.The environment presents animportant stone richness. Here it ispossible to find white stone, rawmaterial of the statues remaining atthe local museum. The TUKI 18 corresponds to theStation of Geological Observation,it offers a panoramic view of HangaRoa, that includes the way crossedfrom Ana Kai Tangata to this point.Up to 324 msnm rises the Rano Kauvolcano, only his north hillsidesremain, while his south side hascollapsed for the strong erosionproduced by the sea. On the otherhand, thanks to it, there have beenformed cliffs who give an uniqueaspect to the landscape. Its age iscalculated in 2,5 million years. Themore recent activity of the volcanowas 180 thousand years ago.Rano Kau is one of three volcaniccenters that gave origin to the island,together with Maunga Terevaka, inthe extreme northwest, and Poike, inthe east end. Though these volcanoesrise some few hundred meters up thelevel of the sea, the island gets up near3 thousand meters from the oceanicbottom. This is the half of the distance of "TeAra o Te Ao” or The Way of theControl, correspondent to the TUKI19. From here it is easy to imagine theritual of climbing to the top hillsideof the crater up to the final mission.The worship to the built-up ancestorswas one of the most excellent featuresof the prehistoric culture of Rapa Nui.The impressive expressions of thisreligious manifestation; templesoutdoors or ahu, megalithic statuesor moai, some how dominate theimage and the history of EasterIsland.Nevertheless, in XVI century, theprehistoric society was graduallyleaving the cult to the deifiedancestors, simultaneously theceremonial’s cult focused in the godMake-Make, tie to rites of the fertility,the spring and the arrival ofmigratory marine birds. Orongobecame the visible center of this neworder that lasted until second half ofXIX century. Following by the footpath, it willfind the Station of Rest or TUKI 20.From here you will have anothersplendid panoramic view of HangaRoa. The location of Orongo, in thesouthwestern end of the volcano,could be strategic for thedevelopment of the cult of theTangata-Manu. The location of thevillage, their height, and their view ofthe small islands, give to the sector apar ticular atmosphere thatdominates the surroundings.Meantime you walk towards thevillage, you may have an idea of howthe atmosphere of the ceremony wasdeveloped, when the groupsascended from diverse sectors andarrived at the crater of the volcano. After a deserved rest, you will be ableto reach the Crater of Volcano RanoKau, corresponding to the TUKI 21and the biggest of Rapa Nui. Thispanoramic one is without a doubt thevisitors more appraised picture. Thisit is the scene of the more violentvolcanic activity of the island;explosions of great magnitude madecollapse the crater and left a greatboiler exposed.A magnify surroundings of volcanoRano Kau, was chosen for the rites ofthe Tangata-Manu. As much in theinterior as outer of the crater, havebeen found at least five hundredhouses that bear relation to theagricultural activity, developed in thesame crater. Following the route, it arrives at theStation of Rest II or TUKI 22, whereyou will be able to enjoy a differentpanoramic of the crater. In the interiorof the volcano area developed amicro climatic condition (radiation,winds, humidity, temperature, etc.),especially for the growth of arbustivasand arboreal species. Reason why thissituation recreated in traditionalagriculture, constructing the circularstone structures previouslymentioned (Manavai). Volcano RanoKau corresponds to one of the mainwater reserves of the Island. Thewaters rains are accumulated in thecrater and are lead to pools (visiblein the route to the volcano), where itis made drinkable and distributed tothe urban zone of Hanga Roa. Inprevious times people had to comehere to obtain water. At the end of this section is theentrance to the Ceremonial Villageof Orongo, TUKI 23, a place that dueto its archaeological wealth is underthe permanent protection of CONAF.If you wish to enter you will have topay an entrance, this way you will beable to visit the established footpaths,interpretative stations andinformative signals. The entrancemarks the end of this Route,nevertheless, Orongo is an importantsite that you must visit and enjoy.Welcome to Orongo! *'''Distance and expexted time''':3,65 kms, 2h 25m.==Expected time==About five hours of walking considering time to stop at the stations. The return is much faster.{{fees rapa nui}}

==Route in Google Earth====Expected time=={{Trekkings Chile english}}*[[Mediacategory:.kmz|Route of...Routes in english]]{{Download waypoints}}